These doctors have special training in the above subject, beyond Pediatrics, they have been trained to diagnose and treat children with blood disorders and cancers. They not only treat benign haematological conditions like thalassemia, sickle cell anaemia, aplastic anaemia etc. but also handle haematological malignancies like leukaemia, lymphoma etc. They also have an expertise in handling solid tumours like neuroblastoma, soft tissue sarcomas, Wilms tumour etc.

The fact that a child is not an adult and that there are specialists for children different from adults, the same corollary holds true for children with haematological problems. Hence the need to refer these children to a Pediatric haematologist-oncologist and not an adult physician to benefit the patients to the optimum.